DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, or in Indonesia often called DNA, which is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is DNA or genetic material into the body of each person who has inherited from his parents. DNA in the nucleus of cells in the structure of chromosomes and mitochondria.
Working as a model that serves as a conduit of code for every human being, hair color, eye shape, face shape, skin color, and others. Introduction to the structure of DNA has been introduced by Francis Crick, a British scientist James Watson and the United States in 1953.
For simplicity, we understand what kind of DNA, just think of a sentence. Judgement is made up of several words. And every word is formed from an alphabet. You can say the alphabet is a key element of many languages. A similar principle can be applied to DNA. At the molecular level, “alphabet” of DNA provided by the primary. What is surprising is that the “alphabet” consists of only four letters, A, C, G and T, which is a symbol of the chemical bases adenine, cytosine (cytosine), guanine and thymine. These compounds form a unique partnership, which is always associated adenine with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine.
The shape of the double helix of DNA is like the meeting. DNA consists of four pairs of bases A, C, G and T, which are chemicals that contain nitrogen. Base sequence of DNA is the molecule that determines the genetic information contained therein. In summary, this sequence determines almost everything about you, the hair color, skin color, until the shape of your nose.
Every human being has 23 pairs of chromosomes consisting of 22 pairs of chromosomes and a pair of somatic chromosomes determine sex. A person with XX chromosomes determine the sex of women and XY for someone who is male. Chromosome is obtained from the parents, half from the mother and half from the father.
DNA Testing
The mitochondrial DNA known as mitochondrial DNA of mothers in general. Mengembil mitochondrial DNA testing can identify a person if the person has a relationship with the family of the mother or the relations of the mother of the family. To do this, when comparing the mitochondrial DNA with the biological mother, grandmother and brothers and sisters of the mother.
Because the mother is fully lowered mitochondrial DNA to their children, what about parents? A parent may inherit a Y chromosome from his son (because the Y chromosome is only human sex chromosomes XY). While girls have no Y chromosomes (XX female chromosome).
To test the link between the family and father’s side can be done by comparing the Y chromosomes of a child with her biological father or paternal brothers. Because the Y chromosome examination of children and how to perform DNA tests on a girl?
DNA tests performed in the DNA of the somatic chromosomes. Institute of DNA in the somatic almost the same in each person as a function of the form and function of the organ. sequence errors can lead to disruption in humans is concerned. But in the center of these cells also the region known as the domain of STR (short tandem repeats). This area does not give the code to do something.
STR is what is unique because it is different for each person. The difference lies in the sequence of base pairs that are produced and the repeat sequence of STR. AGACC sequence will be different with someone who has a string of AGACT. The same applies to the repeat sequence that is unique. STR model is inherited from parents.
How do DNA test?
In this example, is a DNA test to prove whether a child is actually the biological child of a husband and wife. How to check the DNA tests to children STR. In addition, the laboratory will analyze the sequence of this part of the STR if the same order as someone who has made a model of a child. The order is not only because the test is continued to observe the number of chromosomes.
For example, examination of a child found that the chromosome number 3 has a sequence with a repetition AGACT twice. When the father or mother who has confessed to his biological parents were also a repetition of the same in the same number of chromosomes, it can be concluded between the two men had a relationship.
A person can be considered as having a blood relationship, if you have 16 STR in common with biological families. When the order and repetition of the same, then the two people who checks the links has a brother or a close blood relation. This amount is very small compared to the spiral of global bonds in our body that amounts to billions.
DNA tests carried out in a very small part of your body to compare with others. The pieces can be taken to check is the hair, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions, semen, blood and other body tissues. This sample does not change throughout life. The consumption of alcohol, snuff or drugs will not change the composition of DNA. The results of DNA tests will be conducted from a new patient can be seen in 2-4 weeks. The expenses necessary for DNA tests currently about seven to eight million dollars.
Advantages of DNA testing
DNA analysis has become fashionable to show the bond of blood relationship of a person. Given the many infidelities and sexual freedom has led to many children who wonder about the origin of their parents. Consequently, many couples do DNA tests to prove the origin of the children born to them.
Even in some countries, many DNA testing clinics. Many DNA tests are also to help because of suspicious spouses. Some people give up personal items belonging to your partner to the clinic for an examination of whether the spouses to connect with others who are not spouses.
In the police, DNA testing is also used for forensic evidence. DNA testing is the most accurate test for identifying the individual as fingerprints. With DNA testing, police can present authentic evidence of the body that have been destroyed, provided that tissue samples could be taken into the body of the corpse.
In addition to detecting family relationships, DNA testing is also used to detect a particular disease until the disease is complex. With DNA testing could be the known causes of a disease having the character of the disease and even fewer products.
Technological advances have made more new things to be learned. DNA analysis at this point is to identify the most accurate and reliable. Information on DNA testing in hopes that will help you become more familiar about this process.
